The Human Right to a Clean Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Sharia

Abstract

This study addresses the human right to a clean environment from the perspective of Islamic Sharia, considering it one of the fundamental rights that touches on human dignity, health, and existence. The aim of the study is to shed light on the legal principles and foundations within Sharia that establish the protection and preservation of the environment against corruption and misuse, drawing from the Qur’anic texts, the Prophetic tradition (Sunnah), and the jurisprudential efforts of scholars.

The study adopts an inductive and analytical methodology, presenting key Sharia-based environmental concepts such as stewardship (istikhlaf), balance (tawazun), non-corruption (la ifsad), and moderation (i’tidal) as religious foundations that call for environmental preservation and assign humans the responsibility of its protection.

The study also discusses the most prominent forms of modern environmental pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, and demonstrates how these forms conflict with the higher objectives of Sharia (maqasid al-sharia) in preserving life, intellect, progeny, and property.

Moreover, the study highlights that Islamic Sharia preceded secular legislation in emphasizing environmental protection, viewing any assault on the environment as a form of prohibited corruption (fasad), and establishing deterrent punishments against those who spread corruption. The study concludes that Islam regards environmental protection not as a mere option, but as a religious, ethical, and human obligation.

The study offers several recommendations, most notably the need to activate Islamic values within environmental policies, strengthen the role of religious and educational institutions in promoting environmental awareness, and integrate environmental protection concepts into curricula, religious discourse, and media messaging, in a way that ensures a sound environment for both individuals and society.